As many people are now aware, the outbreak of the NovelCoronavirus Disease (COVID–19) in China has rapidly permeatedand profoundly changed the world.
While this crisis is first and foremost a public health issue, which hasclaimed the lives of over 123,600 people worldwide, and counting,the economic damages are unprecedented on several fronts: crudeoil prices have declined dramatically to as low as US$17 per barrelby the end of March, even before applying the discounts many oilexporters are offering; stock valuations for the NSE ASI, Nikkei, DowJones and FTSE–100 have declined by an average of 23.8 per centbetween January and March 2020; global airlines have lost aboutUS$252 billion in revenues and across the broad range of industriesfrom hospitality to services, the pain is growing.
These outcomes have expectedly thrown the global economy into arecession, the depth and duration of which is currently difficult tofathom. In fact, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts thatthe global economy would decline by 3 percent this year.
Around the world, countries have moved away from multilateralismand responded by fighting for themselves with several measures toprotect their own people and economies, regardless of the spillovereffects on the rest of the world.
According to the World Customs Organisation, a total of 32countries and territories, adopted stringent and immediate exportrestrictions on critical medical supplies and drugs that were specifically meant to respond to COVID–19. As of 10 April 2020, anupdated count of total export restrictions by the Global Trade AlertTeam at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland suggest a total of102 restrictions by 75 countries.
On 4 March 2020, Germany announced an export ban that appliedto all sorts of medical protection gear including breathing masks,medical gloves and protective suits. Around the same time,President Macron announced that France will requisition all facemasks produced in the country, a de facto export ban.
Between 8 February 2020 and 6 April 2020, India released eight (8)different export notifications banning several drugs andmedical supplies including hydroxychloroquine, ventilators,personal protections masks, oxygen therapy apparatus, andbreathing devices. On 3 April 2020, the Trump administrationinvoked the war–era US Defense Production Act to stop major USmask manufacturer, 3M, from the export of respirator masks, N95,to Canada and Latin America.
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